Le management par les compétences : un essai d’analyse

Abstract

Comment analyser le mouvement et la doctrine qui se forment aujourd’hui chez les acteurs autour de l’idée de compétences ? L’auteur expose d’abord le sens de la « révolution managériale » des compétences. Il montre ensuite que cette révolution ne peut guère être interprétée sur le mode macro-économique, en la rapportant à la crise du fordisme, mais plutôt sur le mode micro-économique, comme une modification de l’échange salarial. Il souligne enfin les problèmes qu’exprime, ou qu’engendre, la mise en place du management par les compétences. The papers presented during the Medefˈs international meeting in 1998 provide evidence of an attempt by the members of this French employersˈ organization and of labor unions to draw up a joint approach to ‘competence’ with the aim of laying down acceptable rules for all. This ‘managerial revolution’ associates wage-earners with their firmˈs objectives. Furthermore, it forces all parties to reconsider the wage-earning relationship as it is played out between ‘competence’ and ‘qualifications’, between competence and the organization. This revolution can be interpreted macroeconomically by putting it in relation to the crisis in Fordist regulations and, too, microeconomically as a modification of the terms in the wage-earning relationship. The theoretical and practical problems that arise as the ‘management of competence’ is implemented are pointed out: the transferability of competence, the relation between individual and collective competence, the assessment of the fair value of competence.

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