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Defensive pessimism, optimism, and stimulating alternatives: Some ups and downs of prefactual and counterfactual thinking.
16 references·16 citing·42 second hopsampled
Defensive pessimism, optimism, and stimulating alternatives: Some ups and downs of prefactual and counterfactual thinking. (1996)Defensive pessimism, optimism, and stimul…Stress: Appraisal and Coping (2013)Stress: Appraisal and CopingThe functional basis of counterfactual thinking. (1994)The functional basis of count…Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss. (1994)Ruminative coping with depres…The Mental Simulation of Better and Worse Possible Worlds (1993)The Mental Simulation of Bett…Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update (1992)Effects of optimism on psycho…Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. (1991)Responses to depression and t…Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior, Vol. 2. (1991)Handbook of Motivation and Co…Positive illusions: creative self-deception and the healthy mind (1990)Positive illusions: creative …Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes. (1989)Theory and research concernin…Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma. (1989)Social stigma and self-esteem…Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. (1988)Illusion and well-being: A so…It Could Be Worse: Selective Evaluation as a Response to Victimization (1983)It Could Be Worse: Selective …Downward comparison principles in social psychology. (1981)Downward comparison principle…Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser? (1979)Judgment of contingency in de…New directions in attribution research (1976)New directions in attribution…Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (1970)Manual for the State-Trait An…Resilience to emotional distress in response to failure, error or mistakes: A systematic review (2016)Resilience to emotional distr…Collective Futures: How Projections About the Future of Society Are Related to Actions and Attitudes Supporting Social Change (2013)Collective Futures: How Proje…The Self Not Taken: How Alternative Selves Develop and How They Influence Our Professional Lives (2011)The Self Not Taken: How Alter…Regulatory mode effects on counterfactual thinking and regret (2007)Regulatory mode effects on co…Implications of Counterfactual Structure for Creative Generation and Analytical Problem Solving (2007)Implications of Counterfactua…The Idiosyncratic Fit Heuristic: Effort Advantage as a Determinant of Consumer Response to Loyalty Programs (2003)The Idiosyncratic Fit Heurist…Counterfactuals, emotions, and context (2003)Counterfactuals, emotions, an…A Reflection and Evaluation Model of Comparative Thinking (2003)A Reflection and Evaluation M…A Motivational Analysis of Defensive Pessimism and Self‐Handicapping (2003)A Motivational Analysis of De…A Model of Subjective Well-Being Homeostasis: The Role of Personality (2002)A Model of Subjective Well-Be…Defensive pessimism, optimism, and pessimism. (2001)Defensive pessimism, optimism…Cultural variations in optimistic and pessimistic bias: Do Easterners really expect the worst and Westerners really expect the best when predicting future life events? (2001)Cultural variations in optimi…Being accepted for who we are: Evidence that social validation of the intrinsic self reduces general defensiveness. (2001)Being accepted for who we are…Hope and Dysphoria: The Moderating Role of Defense Mechanisms (2000)Hope and Dysphoria: The Moder…Freudian Defense Mechanisms and Empirical Findings in Modern Social Psychology: Reaction Formation, Projection, Displacement, Undoing, Isolation, Sublimation, and Denial (1998)Freudian Defense Mechanisms a…Affective Determinants of Counterfactual Thinking (1997)Affective Determinants of Cou…Emotion And Adaptation (1991)What Good Are Positive Emotions? (1998)Positive affect and the other side of coping. (2000)The job demands-resources model of burnout. 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References

  • 2013Stress: Appraisal and Coping27,826 cited
  • 1970Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory24,983 cited
  • 1988Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health.7,808 cited
  • 1991Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes.4,524 cited
  • 1989Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma.3,426 cited
  • 1981Downward comparison principles in social psychology.2,704 cited
  • 1992Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update2,220 cited
  • 1976New directions in attribution research1,974 cited
  • 1991Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior, Vol. 2.1,970 cited
  • 1989Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes.1,955 cited
  • 1979Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser?1,691 cited
  • 1994Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss.932 cited
  • 1990Positive illusions: creative self-deception and the healthy mind779 cited
  • 1994The functional basis of counterfactual thinking.722 cited
  • 1993The Mental Simulation of Better and Worse Possible Worlds

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547 cited
  • 1983It Could Be Worse: Selective Evaluation as a Response to Victimization547 cited
  • Cited by

    • 1998Freudian Defense Mechanisms and Empirical Findings in Modern Social Psychology: Reaction Formation, Projection, Displacement, Undoing, Isolation, Sublimation, and Denial428 cited
    • 2003A Reflection and Evaluation Model of Comparative Thinking339 cited
    • 2003A Motivational Analysis of Defensive Pessimism and Self‐Handicapping250 cited
    • 2003The Idiosyncratic Fit Heuristic: Effort Advantage as a Determinant of Consumer Response to Loyalty Programs238 cited
    • 2002A Model of Subjective Well-Being Homeostasis: The Role of Personality193 cited
    • 2001Defensive pessimism, optimism, and pessimism.176 cited
    • 2007Implications of Counterfactual Structure for Creative Generation and Analytical Problem Solving174 cited
    • 2011The Self Not Taken: How Alternative Selves Develop and How They Influence Our Professional Lives156 cited
    • 2001Being accepted for who we are: Evidence that social validation of the intrinsic self reduces general defensiveness.148 cited
    • 2013Collective Futures: How Projections About the Future of Society Are Related to Actions and Attitudes Supporting Social Change141 cited
    • 2001Cultural variations in optimistic and pessimistic bias: Do Easterners really expect the worst and Westerners really expect the best when predicting future life events?140 cited
    • 2000Hope and Dysphoria: The Moderating Role of Defense Mechanisms137 cited
    • 2007Regulatory mode effects on counterfactual thinking and regret136 cited
    • 2003Counterfactuals, emotions, and context134 cited
    • 2016Resilience to emotional distress in response to failure, error or mistakes: A systematic review133 cited
    • 1997Affective Determinants of Counterfactual Thinking121 cited