The authors tested the influence of structural features of local unions (N = 43) on members' union commitment (N = 539) as moderated by members' gender. By using a cross-level analysis, they identified local structure with officers' ratings of innovation, formalization, and centralization. An anticipated interaction between gender and innovation was not found. However, as predicted, women's commitment was positively related to formalization and negatively related to centralization. In contrast, men's commitment was only slightly influenced by local formalization but was positively related to centralization. The need for structural redesign to enhance member's commitment, particularly among women, was discussed.
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