Parallel distributed processing and lexical-semantic effects in visual word recognition: Are a few stages necessary?

Ron Borowsky · Derek Besner

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Reading and Literacy Development Second Language Acquisition and Learning Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism

Abstract

D. C. Plaut and J. R. Booth (2000) presented a parallel distributed processing model that purports to simulate human lexical decision performance. This model (and D. C. Plaut, 1995) offers a single mechanism account of the pattern of factor effects on reaction time (RT) between semantic priming, word frequency, and stimulus quality without requiring a stages-of-processing account of additive effects. Three problems are discussed. First, no evidence is provided that this model can discriminate between words and nonwords with the same orthographic structure and still produce the pattern of factor effects on RT it currently claims to produce. Second, the level of representation used by the model to make a lexical decision is inconsistent with what is known about how skilled readers with damage to their semantic system make word/nonword discriminations. Finally, there are a number of results that are difficult to reconcile with the single mechanism account. The authors' preference is to retain the stages-of-processing account.

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References

1981An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: I. An account of basic findings.2001DRC: A dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud.1989A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming.1996Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains.1969Interaction of information in word recognition.1991Semantic priming effects in visual word recognition : A selective review of current findings and theories 1993Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches.1985Reading Research Advances in Theory and Practice

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2008Reading aloud: Qualitative differences in the relation between stimulus quality and word frequency as a function of context.2012Manipulating instructions strategically affects reliance on the ventral-lexical reading stream: Converging evidence from neuroimaging and reaction time 2013Emotion words and categories: evidence from lexical decision 2012Additive and interactive effects in semantic priming: Isolating lexical and decision processes in the lexical decision task.

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