Survival after the Age of 80 in the United States, Sweden, France, England, and Japan

Kenneth G. Mantón · James W. Vaupel

286 citations0/0 files storedNew England Journal of Medicine

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Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management Aging, Health, and Disability Health disparities and outcomes

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In many developed countries, life expectancy at birth is higher than in the United States. Newly available data permit, for the first time, reliable cross-national comparisons of mortality among persons 80 years of age or older. Such comparisons are important, because in many developed countries more than half of women and a third of men now die after the age of 80. METHODS: We used extinct-cohort methods to assess mortality in Japan, Sweden, France, and England (including Wales) and among U.S. whites for cohorts born from 1880 to 1894, and used cross-sectional data for the year 1987. Extinct-cohort methods rely on continuously collected data from death certificates and do not use the less reliable data from censuses. RESULTS: In the United States, life expectancy at the age of 80 and survival from the ages of 80 to 100 significantly exceeded life expectancy in Sweden, France, England, and Japan (P < 0.01). This finding was confirmed with accurate cross-sectional data for 1987. The average life expectancy in the United States is 9.1 years for 80-year-old white women and 7.0 years for 80-year-old white men. CONCLUSIONS: For people 80 years old or older, life expectancy is greater in the United States than it is in Sweden, France, England, and Japan. This finding suggests that elderly Americans are receiving better health care than the elderly citizens of other developed countries.

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References

1994Socioeconomic status and health: The challenge of the gradient.1993The Increasing Disparity in Mortality between Socioeconomic Groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986 1993Mortality by Hispanic Status in the United States 2002Life Tables for the United States Social Security Area 1900-2100 1994Reductions in Mortality at Advanced Ages: Several Decades of Evidence from 27 Countries

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1998Health Values of Hospitalized Patients 80 Years or Older 2002Disadvantage, Inequality, And Social Policy 1996Determinants of longevity: genetic, environmental and medical factors 2014Why Do Americans Have Shorter Life Expectancy and Worse Health Than Do People in Other High-Income Countries?1996African-american mortality at older ages: Results of a matching study 2008Continued Reductions in Mortality at Advanced Ages 1997The remarkable improvements in survival at older ages 2021Causes of America’s Lagging Life Expectancy: An International Comparative Perspective

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