One-Week Practice Effects in Older Adults: Tools for Assessing Cognitive Change

Kevin M. Duff

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Psychological Testing and Assessment Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research Historical and Modern Theater Studies

Abstract

Although neuropsychologists are frequently asked to evaluate cognitive change in a patient, this can be a complex determination. Using data from 167 non-demented older adults tested twice across one week, the current study sought to provide a variety of reliable change indices for a brief battery of commonly used neuropsychological measures. Statistically significant improvements were observed on seven of nine scores examined over this short retest interval, with the largest changes occurring on memory measures. Information is provided on simple discrepancy scores, standard deviation index, reliable change index (with and without correcting for practice effects), and standardized regression based change formulae for each cognitive score. Even though a one-week retesting interval is a less typical clinical scenario, these results may give clinicians and researchers more options for assessing short-term change in a variety of settings.

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References

1991Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research.1991Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research.2009A Cognitive Training Program Based on Principles of Brain Plasticity: Results from the Improvement in Memory with Plasticity‐based Adaptive Cognitive Training (IMPACT) Study 2012Scoring Higher the Second Time Around: Meta-Analyses of Practice Effects in Neuropsychological Assessment 2012Evidence-Based Indicators of Neuropsychological Change in the Individual Patient: Relevant Concepts and Methods 2006Practice Effects Associated with the Repeated Assessment of Cognitive Function Using the CogState Battery at 10-minute, One Week and One Month Test-retest Intervals 2005Practice effects and the use of alternate forms in serial neuropsychological testing 1999Detecting significant change in neuropsychological test performance: A comparison of four models

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2015Repeated Assessment and Practice Effects of the Written Symbol Digit Modalities Test Using a Short Inter-Test Interval 2016Clarifying Discrepancies in Responsiveness Between Reliable Change Indices 2019Application of Different Standard Error Estimates in Reliable Change Methods

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