Call to Action: A Critical Need for Designing Alternatives to Suspension and Expulsion

Pamela Fenning · Sarah J. Pulaski · Morgan Morello · Lynae Maciel · Emily Maroney · Arielle Schmidt +5 more

74 citations0/0 files storedJournal of School Violence

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Education Discipline and Inequality Behavioral and Psychological Studies Legal Issues in Education

Abstract

This study presents the findings of a content analysis of 120 high school-level, written discipline policies collected from six states. Suspension was commonly offered as a response for all behaviors, including minor ones. Discipline policies varied by state in terms of the degree to which suspension was featured. Based on these findings and related literature, it is argued that a call to action is needed to address the long-standing punitive nature of school discipline. Two recommendations are offered for schools to engage in as part of a process to overhaul school discipline: (a) review and alter discipline policies so they contain alternatives to traditional school suspension, and (b) implement and evaluate proactive alternatives to suspension to build a database of evidence-based options that could replace exclusionary discipline practices.

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References

2001Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective 2011Race Is Not Neutral: A National Investigation of African American and Latino Disproportionality in School Discipline 2012Handbook of Classroom Management: Research, Practice, and Contemporary Issues 2008Are zero tolerance policies effective in the schools?: An evidentiary review and recommendations.2006Are Zero Tolerance Policies Effective in the Schools? An Evidentiary Review and Recommendations 1999The Dark Side of Zero Tolerance: Can Punishment Lead to Safe Schools?.2006Handbook of school violence and school safety: From research to practice.2010Suspended Education: Urban Middle Schools in Crisis

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2014The role of race in the Out-of-school suspensions of black students: The perspectives of students with suspensions, their parents and educators 2012Rationale for Designing School Contexts in Support of Proactive Discipline 2017The effects of culturally adapted version of First Steps to Success for Latino English language learners: Preliminary pilot study 2020A Multidimensional and Multilevel Examination of Student Engagement and Secondary School Teachers’ Use of Classroom Management Practices

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