The interaction between orthographic and phonological information in children: An fMRI study

Tali Bitan · Douglas D. Burman · Tai‐Li Chou · Dong Lu · Nadia E. Cone · Fan Cao +2 more

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Reading and Literacy Development Language Development and Disorders Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism

Abstract

We examined the neural representations of orthographic and phonological processing in children, while manipulating the consistency between orthographic and phonological information. Participants, aged 9-15, were scanned while performing rhyming and spelling judgments on pairs of visually presented words. The orthographic and phonological similarity between words in the pair was independently manipulated, resulting in four conditions. In the nonconflicting conditions, both orthography and phonology of the words were either (1) similar (lime-dime) or (2) different (staff-gain); in conflicting conditions, words had (3) similar phonology and different orthography (jazz-has) or (4) different phonology and similar orthography (pint-mint). The comparison between tasks resulted in greater activation for the rhyming task in bilateral inferior frontal gyri (BA 45/47), and greater activation for the spelling task in bilateral inferior/superior parietal lobules (BA 40/7), suggesting greater involvement of phonological and semantic processing in the rhyming task, and nonlinguistic spatial processing in the spelling task. Conflicting conditions were more difficult in both tasks and resulted in greater activation in the above regions. The results suggest that when children encounter inconsistency between orthographic and phonological information they show greater engagement of both orthographic and phonological processing.

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References

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2009Cultural Constraints on Brain Development: Evidence from a Developmental Study of Visual Word Processing in Mandarin Chinese 2007Developmental increases in effective connectivity to brain regions involved in phonological processing during tasks with orthographic demands 2008Developmental differences of neurocognitive networks for phonological and semantic processing in Chinese word reading 2007Neural correlates of mapping from phonology to orthography in children performing an auditory spelling task

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