Relating examinations to the Common European Framework: a manual

Neus Figueras · Brian North · Sauli Takala · Norman D. Verhelst · Piet Van Avermaet

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EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning Second Language Learning and Teaching Educational Assessment and Pedagogy

Abstract

This article deals with the linking of examinations to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). Following the rapid adoption of the CEFR by the Council of Europe and the European Union as well as many national and local actors, there have been calls for guidance on how examinations could be made more transparent by means of the CEFR, especially by using its calibrated scales as a tool. The Council of Europe has recently produced a preliminary pilot Manual, which presents a procedure for doing this. The article describes the political and educational context of this work and presents the main procedures proposed in the Manual. Since the Manual is a preliminary document for discussion and feedback, the authors of the Manual join the discussion by presenting some critical reflections of their own. The article concludes by outlining two scenarios: one which predicts positive developments and the other which foresees less desirable consequences.

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2009Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment 1985Standards for educational and psychological testing 2000The Development of a Common Framework Scale of Language Proficiency 1978STANDARDS AND CRITERIA 1954Absolute Grading Standards for Objective Tests 1998Scaling descriptors for language proficiency scales 1986A Consumer's Guide to Setting Performance Standards on Criterion-Referenced Tests 2008Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing

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2008LINKING ENGLISH‐LANGUAGE TEST SCORES ONTO THE COMMON EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK OF REFERENCE: AN APPLICATION OF STANDARD‐SETTING METHODOLOGY 2006Measuring grammatical complexity: the Gordian knot 2017The English Grammar Profile of learner competence 2017Linking Tests of English for Academic Purposes to the CEFR: The Score User’s Perspective 2010Investigating the decision-making process of standard setting participants 2018

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