Re-examining Citizenship: How the Control of Measurement Artifacts Affects Observed Relationships of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Variables

Paul E. Spector · Xin Xuan Che

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Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior Employee Performance and Management Psychometric Methodologies and Testing

Abstract

We examined the impact that measurement artifacts (antithetical items that overlap counterproductive work behavior (CWB), agreement response, halo in supervisor ratings) in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) measures has on observed relationships between OCB and 15 predictors. Respondents were 146 employees and their supervisors who completed surveys that included OCB measures with and without artifacts. Predictors (conscientiousness, emotional stability, empathy, distributive justice, procedural justice, role ambiguity, role conflict, leader–member exchange, affective organizational commitment, job satisfaction, negative and positive emotion, turnover intention, CWB, and task performance) were chosen that related to OCB in prior meta-analyses. Results with the OCB scale with artifacts were consistent with meta-analyses, whereas results with the artifact-controlled OCB scale were not, suggesting that accepted conclusions about OCB’s relationships with many other variables should be reexamined.

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1995Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective 1991Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and In-Role Behaviors 2000Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research 1990Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors 1970Role Conflict and Ambiguity in Complex Organizations 1997Job Satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Causes, and Consequences 1983Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents.1991Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship?

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