The real test bias: Influences of testing on teaching and learning.Norman Frederiksen1984-01-01articleAmerican Psychologist531 citationsclosedNo readable copy stored yet — this record is metadata only.Educational Assessment and PedagogyPsychometric Methodologies and TestingStudent Assessment and FeedbackAbstractNo abstract was published for this record.Citations in this libraryStored only when both papers are in the corpus — 531 citations exist upstream.References1967The nature of human intelligence2013Cognitive Skills and Their Acquisition1963Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence: A critical experiment.2019Advances in Instructional Psychology2021Aptitude, Learning, and Instruction1982Cognitive psychology's ambiguities: Some suggested remedies.Cited by2014Assessing Critical Thinking in Higher Education: Current State and Directions for Next‐Generation Assessment1997Assessment as a tool for learning1997“But is it fair?”: An exploratory study of student perceptions of the consequential validity of assessment2007Evaluating assessment quality in competence-based education: A qualitative comparison of two frameworks2002Grades and Test Scores: Accounting for Observed Differences1999Validating Measures of Performance1998Test Validity: A Matter of Consequence1996Assessment 2000: Towards a Pluralistic Approach to Assessment