A Second-Best Congestion Pricing Model Based on Elastic Demand Mean-Excess User Equilibrium

Abstract

A road congestion pricing model is proposed, taking reliability and unreliability into account simultaneously under link capacity stochastic degradations. The proposed model is formulated as bi-level programming, in which the upper level subprogram is the maximization of social welfare while the lower subprogram is the mean-excess user equilibrium model with elastic demand. In consideration of the complexity of the bi-level programming model, a combined solution algorithm based on the genetic algorithm (GA) and the project and contraction algorithm (PCA) is presented to solve the proposed model. A numerical example is also conducted to illustrate the proposed model and the solution algorithm.

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