A deprivation index for health planning in Canada

Robert Pampalon · Denis Hamel · Philippe Gamache · Guy Raymond

572 citations0/0 files storedChronic diseases in Canada

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Health disparities and outcomes Income, Poverty, and Inequality Public Health and Social Inequalities

Abstract

Administrative databases in the Canadian health sector do not contain socio-economic information. To facilitate the monitoring of social inequalities for health planning, this study proposes a material and social deprivation index for Canada. After explaining the concept of deprivation, we describe the methodological aspects of the index and apply it to the example of premature mortality (i.e. death before the age of 75). We illustrate variations in deprivation and the links between deprivation and mortality nationwide and in different geographic areas including the census metropolitan areas (CMAs) of Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver; other CMAs; average-size cities, referred to as census agglomerations (CAs); small towns and rural communities; and five regions of Canada, namely Atlantic, Quebec, Ontario, the Prairies and British Columbia. Material and social deprivation and their links to mortality vary considerably by geographic area. We comment on the results as well as the limitations of the index and its advantages for health planning.

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References

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2012An area-based material and social deprivation index for public health in Québec and Canada.2013A statistical procedure to create a neighborhood socioeconomic index for health inequalities analysis 2017The New Zealand Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD): A new suite of indicators for social and health research in Aotearoa, New Zealand 2014Validation of a deprivation index for public health: a complex exercise illustrated by the Quebec index 2018The Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium – a protocol for building a national environmental exposure data platform for integrated analyses of urban form and health 2009Health inequalities in urban and rural Canada: Comparing inequalities in survival according to an individual and area-based deprivation index

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