Still a wedge in the door: women training for the construction trades in the USA

Günseli Berik · Cihan Bilginsoy

25 citations0/0 files storedInternational Journal of Manpower

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Gender Diversity and Inequality Career Development and Diversity Labour Market and Migration

Abstract

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the variations in the entry and exit of women apprentices in the USA, overall and by race/ethnicity, over the 1995‐2003 period. Also aims to examine how women's representation among new apprentices and their attrition and retention rates vary with individual, training program, and occupational characteristics. Design/methodology/approach An individual‐level dataset from the US Department of Labor is used to estimate econometrically women's representation in apprenticeship programs and women's odds of completing programs. Findings Women's representation among new trainees is very low and deteriorating. The results confirm previous findings based on data for the early 1990s that program sponsorship has significant impact on women's representation and retention. Women have better chances of joining the high‐skill construction workforce if they enroll in union‐contractor joint programs. Joint programs feature higher shares of women in the incoming classes and higher odds of graduation in comparison with the unilateral contractor programs. While White women have higher completion rates than Latinas and Black women, the union impact on shares of enrollees is the largest for Black women and the lowest for White women. Research limitations/implications The dataset is not nationally representative. It covers 31 states or about 65 percent of all apprentices. Practical implications Union sponsorship is necessary but not sufficient to enhance women's integration in the trades. Increasing participation of women in apprenticeship and the trades requires major changes in policies, priorities, and behavior of contactors, unions, and the government to actively recruit women and improve working conditions at the construction site. Originality/value This is the first systematic analysis of performance of women apprentices that utilizes the most recent data from the USA.

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References

1972The Economics of Discrimination.1972The Statistical Theory of Racism and Sexism.1987The Economics of Women, Men, and Work.1981Occupational Self-Selection: A Human Capital Approach to Sex Differences in Occupational Structure 1976Capitalism, Patriarchy, and Job Segregation by Sex 1997What Employers Want: Job Prospects for Less-Educated Workers.1997In Defense of Affirmative Action.2000WOMEN IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN THE U.K.: A CULTURAL DISCORD?

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