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Negative Political Advertising: Some Empirical Findings

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References

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1988Inoculation in Political Campaign Communication180 cited
1997The Effects of Negative Comparative Political Advertising on Candidate Evaluations and Advertising Evaluations: An Exploration

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176 cited

1998Relationships of media use and political disaffection to political efficacy and voting behavior173 cited

1990Effects of negative political advertising on the political process173 cited

1991Negative versus Positive Television Advertising in U.S. Presidential Campaigns, 1960–1988172 cited

2002An Exploration of the Effects of Negative Political Advertising on Political Decision Making161 cited

1989An Exploration of Voter Responses to Political Advertisements146 cited

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1990Efficacy of inoculation strategies in promoting resistance to political attack messages: Application to direct mail134 cited

1999Functions of the great debates: Acclaims, attacks, and defenses in the 1960 presidential debates123 cited

1987An experimental study of the effectiveness of negative political advertisements120 cited

2008The Dimensions of Negative Messages117 cited

2005Effects of Negative Political Advertising on Voting Intention: An Exploration of the Roles of Involvement and Source Credibility in the Development of Voter Cynicism116 cited

2007Psychophysiological and Memory Effects of Negative Political ADS: Aversive, Arousing, and Well Remembered113 cited

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2002An Aggregate Examination of the Backlash Effect in Political Advertising: The Case of the 1996 U.S. Senate Race in Minnesota98 cited