Learning by the keyword mnemonic: Looking for long-term benefits.

Margaret Hanratty Thomas · Alvin Y. Wang

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Second Language Acquisition and Learning EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning Memory Processes and Influences

Abstract

Although using the keyword mnemonic to-learn new vocabulary items enhances performance on tests of immediate cued recall when compared with control strategies, the reverse is true after a delay. The authors examined long-term retention of second language vocabulary with 2 variants of the keyword method: self-generated keywords (Experiment 1) and mnemonic pictures (Experiment 2). Results showed that keyword generation did not attenuate forgetting, but provision of pictures of the keyword and translation referent during study improved long-term retention. Pictures may increase the visual detail of interactive images and hence the stability of the memory trace (Experiment 3). However, designers of instructional modules should be aware that immediate gains evidenced by learners who use the standard keyword technique may dissipate rapidly.

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2013Imagery and Verbal Processes 1975Mnemotechnics in second-language learning.1975An application of the mnemonic keyword method to the acquisition of a Russian vocabulary.2002Individual Differences in Cognition 1975A Mnemonic Method for Learning a Second-Language Vocabulary.1983Cognitive strategy research : psychological foundations 1990Teaching Abstract Vocabulary with the Keyword Method:1992Mnemonic vocabulary instruction: Additional effectiveness evidence

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