Biasing Influence of Defendants' Characteristics on Simulated Sentencing

David B. Gray · Richard D. Ashmore

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Jury Decision Making Processes Social and Intergroup Psychology Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis

Abstract

Two studies are reported in this paper. In the first study, the hypothesis that “unattractive” defendants receive more severe recommendations for sentences for a given crime than “attractive” defendants was examined. Race, socioeconomic status, and religious belief were intentionally confounded in the first study with the result that the hypothesis was clearly confirmed. In the second study, race, socioeconomic level, and religious belief were examined in isolation from each other (a 2 × 2 × 2 design) to determine their relative effect on sentencing. Race and belief explained significant proportions of the discriminatory sentencing effect, but socioeconomic status did not. Some preliminary work was done on the effects of perceivers' characteristics, indicating that punitiveness and racial attitudes warrant further study. ‘Subjects were 380 members of organizations for retired persons and church groups.

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References

1969The influence of the character of the criminal and his victim on the decisions of simulated jurors 1973The defendant's dilemma: Effects of jurors' attitudes and authoritarianism on judicial decisions.1967The Screening of Juvenile Offenders 1962Judicial Backgrounds and Criminal Cases

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