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Intimate Partner Violence, Depression, and PTSD Among Pregnant Latina Women

MarySue V. Heilemann · Alfonso Ang · Carol M. Mangione

202 citations0/0 files storedThe Annals of Family Medicine

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Intimate Partner and Family Violence Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Abstract

PURPOSE: We undertook a study to describe factors related to depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among pregnant Latinas who were or were not exposed to intimate partner violence. METHODS: We interviewed 210 pregnant Latinas attending prenatal clinics located in Los Angeles, California. Latinas who did and did not have histories of intimate partner violence were recruited. We then assessed the women for strengths, adverse social behavioral circumstances, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. RESULTS: Significantly more women exposed to intimate partner violence scored at or above the cutoff point for depression than women who were not (41% vs 18.6%; P<.001). Significantly more women exposed to intimate partner violence scored at or above the cutoff point for PTSD than women who were not (16% vs 7.6%; P <.001). Lack of mastery, which measures feelings of being in control of forces that affect life (odds ratio [OR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.84), a history of trauma not associated with intimate partner violence (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.08-1.63), and exposure to intimate partner violence (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.16-5.11) were associated with depression after adjusting for age, language of interview, and site effects. Stress (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.34-2.2) and a history of trauma (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.03-2.04) were independently associated with PTSD, whereas higher income was associated with decreased risk of PTSD (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.02-0.63), after adjusting for age, language of interview, and site effects. CONCLUSIONS: Intimate partner violence was significantly associated with depression and PTSD but was associated with depression only after controlling for other factors in the multivariate model. The risk for depression declined with greater mastery but increased with a history of trauma or exposure to intimate partner violence. Stress, a history of trauma not associated with intimate partner violence, and lower income were all independently associated with increased risk for PTSD.

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References

1983A Global Measure of Perceived Stress 1998Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults 1990Child abuse: Adolescent records vs. adult recall 1978The Structure of Coping 1991The MOS social support survey 1996Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist (PCL)1993Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale.2000Full Report of the Prevalence, Incidence, and Consequences of Violence Against Women

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2015Cumulative burden of lifetime adversities: Trauma and mental health in low-SES African Americans and Latino/as.2009Intimate Partner Violence and Barriers To Mental Health Care for Ethnically Diverse Populations of Women 2012Perceived discrimination and depression among low-income Latina male-to-female transgender women 2012Conditional risk for PTSD among Latinos: A systematic review of racial/ethnic differences and sociocultural explanations 2017Protective factors associated with resilience in women exposed to intimate partner violence.

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