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Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 1. Relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction and number needed to treat
9 references·14 citing·47 second hop
Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 1. Relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction and number needed to treat (2004)Tips for learners of evidence-based medic…Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 3. Measures of observer variability (kappa statistic) (2004)Tips for learners of evidence…Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses (2003)Measuring inconsistency in me…Can we individualize the ‘number needed to treat’? An empirical study of summary effect measures in meta-analyses (2002)Can we individualize the ‘num…Empirical Evidence of Design-Related Bias in Studies of Diagnostic Tests (1999)Empirical Evidence of Design-…An empirical study of the effect of the control rate as a predictor of treatment efficacy in meta-analysis of clinical trials (1998)An empirical study of the eff…Evidence based purchasing: understanding results of clinical trials and systematic reviews (1995)Evidence based purchasing: un…An evidence based approach to individualising treatment (1995)An evidence based approach to…Measured Enthusiasm: Does the Method of Reporting Trial Results Alter Perceptions of Therapeutic Effectiveness? (1992)Measured Enthusiasm: Does the…Measures of Association (1983)Measures of AssociationHow effective are behavioral interventions to increase the take‐up of social benefits? A systematic review of field experiments (2025)How effective are behavioral …Completeness of reporting and risks of overstating impact in cluster randomised trials: a systematic review (2021)Completeness of reporting and…Is there a bi-directional relationship between depression and obesity among adult men and women? Systematic review and bias-adjusted meta analysis (2016)Is there a bi-directional rel…Authors seldom report the most patient-important outcomes and absolute effect measures in systematic review abstracts (2016)Authors seldom report the mos…Appeals to evidence for the resolution of wicked problems: the origins and mechanisms of evidentiary bias (2016)Appeals to evidence for the r…Systematic reviews experience major limitations in reporting absolute effects (2015)Systematic reviews experience…The structure of medical decisions: uncertainty, probability and risk in five common choice situations (2013)The structure of medical deci…A methodological survey of the analysis, reporting and interpretation of Absolute Risk ReductiOn in systematic revieWs (ARROW): a study protocol (2013)A methodological survey of th…Partial sick leave associated with disability pension: propensity score approach in a register-based cohort study (2012)Partial sick leave associated…New Axioms for Probability and Likelihood Ratio Measures (2012)New Axioms for Probability an…Summary measures of number needed to treat: How much clinical guidance do they provide in neuropathic pain? (2008)Summary measures of number ne…Systematische Übersichtsarbeiten und Metaanalysen in der Chirurgie (2007)Systematische Übersichtsarbei…Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 4. Assessing heterogeneity of primary studies in systematic reviews and whether to combine their results (2005)Tips for learners of evidence…Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 2. Measures of precision (confidence intervals) (2004)Tips for learners of evidence…Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials (1995)Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): a meta-analysis (2011)Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies: The CHARMS Checklist (2014)Screening for anxiety disorders with the GAD-7 and GAD-2: a systematic review and diagnostic metaanalysis (2015)The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice (1981)Choices, values, and frames. (1984)Numbers needed to treat derived from meta-analyses---sometimes informative, usually misleading (1999)Design Features of Graphs in Health Risk Communication: A Systematic Review (2006)Use of relative and absolute effect measures in reporting health inequalities: structured review (2012)Choices, Values, and Frames (2013)QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN THE REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC LITERATURE1 (1987)An Assessment of Clinically Useful Measures of the Consequences of Treatment (1988)Meta-analysis: State-of-the-Science (1992)A comparison of summary patient-level covariates in meta-regression with individual patient data meta-analysis (2002)Assessing the quality of research (2004)Assessing and presenting summaries of evidence in Cochrane Reviews (2013)Meta-analysis in clinical trials (1986)Improving the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials. The CONSORT statement (1996)Investigating causes of heterogeneity in systematic reviews (2002)Language of publication restrictions in systematic reviews gave different results depending on whether the intervention was conventional or complementary (2005)Investigating clinical heterogeneity in systematic reviews: a methodologic review of guidance in the literature (2012)The Combination of Estimates from Different Experiments (1954)Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis (2001)Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis (2002)The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration (2009)The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration (2009)Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation (2015)MISINTERPRETATION AND MISUSE OF THE KAPPA STATISTIC (1987)Validation of a GIS Facilities Database: Quantification and Implications of Error (2008)Randomized controlled trials in pediatric critical care: a scoping review (2013)Review papers : The statistical basis of meta-analysis (1993)Summing up evidence: one answer is not always enough (1998)Systematic Reviews in Health Care : Meta-Analysis in Context (2000)Reliable change and minimum important difference (MID) proportions facilitated group responsiveness comparisons using individual threshold criteria (2004)Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of suicide: a systematic review of observational studies (2009)The effects of psychotherapies for depression on response, remission, reliable change, and deterioration: A meta‐analysis (2021)Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test (1997)Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology A Proposal for Reporting (2000)High prevalence of depressive symptoms in a national sample of adults in Indonesia: Childhood adversity, sociodemographic factors and health risk behaviour (2018)Co-morbidities of mental disorders and chronic physical diseases in developing and emerging countries: a meta-analysis (2019)Association Between Depression and Physical Conditions Requiring Hospitalization (2023)EUR-ASSESS Project Subgroup Report on Dissemination and Impact (1997)Consensus Development Methods: A Review of Best Practice in Creating Clinical Guidelines (1999)Ratio measures in leading medical journals: structured review of accessibility of underlying absolute risks (2006)Tau-b or Not Tau-b: Measuring the Similarity of Foreign Policy Positions (1999)Handbook of multimethod measurement in psychology. (2006)Testing the Newcastle Ottawa Scale showed low reliability between individual reviewers (2013)
this work references cited by second hop

References

  • 2003Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses63,086 cited
  • 1999Empirical Evidence of Design-Related Bias in Studies of Diagnostic Tests1,860 cited
  • 1983Measures of Association487 cited
  • 2004Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 3. Measures of observer variability (kappa statistic)483 cited
  • 1995An evidence based approach to individualising treatment389 cited
  • 1992Measured Enthusiasm: Does the Method of Reporting Trial Results Alter Perceptions of Therapeutic Effectiveness?377 cited
  • 2002Can we individualize the ‘number needed to treat’? An empirical study of summary effect measures in meta-analyses318 cited
  • 1998An empirical study of the effect of the control rate as a predictor of treatment efficacy in meta-analysis of clinical trials217 cited
  • 1995Evidence based purchasing: understanding results of clinical trials and systematic reviews207 cited

Cited by

  • 2016Is there a bi-directional relationship between depression and obesity among adult men and women? Systematic review and bias-adjusted meta analysis280 cited
  • 2005Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 4. Assessing heterogeneity of primary studies in systematic reviews and whether to combine their results152 cited
  • 2004Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 2. Measures of precision (confidence intervals)78 cited
  • 2015Systematic reviews experience major limitations in reporting absolute effects

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69 cited
  • 2016Appeals to evidence for the resolution of wicked problems: the origins and mechanisms of evidentiary bias58 cited
  • 2016Authors seldom report the most patient-important outcomes and absolute effect measures in systematic review abstracts44 cited
  • 2012New Axioms for Probability and Likelihood Ratio Measures30 cited
  • 2021Completeness of reporting and risks of overstating impact in cluster randomised trials: a systematic review28 cited
  • 2012Partial sick leave associated with disability pension: propensity score approach in a register-based cohort study27 cited
  • 2008Summary measures of number needed to treat: How much clinical guidance do they provide in neuropathic pain?24 cited
  • 2007Systematische Übersichtsarbeiten und Metaanalysen in der Chirurgie20 cited
  • 2013A methodological survey of the analysis, reporting and interpretation of Absolute Risk ReductiOn in systematic revieWs (ARROW): a study protocol19 cited
  • 2013The structure of medical decisions: uncertainty, probability and risk in five common choice situations13 cited
  • 2025How effective are behavioral interventions to increase the take‐up of social benefits? A systematic review of field experiments8 cited