Review1982

Educational Outcomes of Tutoring: A Meta-analysis of Findings

Peter A. Cohen · James A. Kulik · Chen‐Lin C. Kulik

1,123 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Educational Research Journal

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Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning

Abstract

A meta-analysis of findings from 65 independent evaluations of school tutoring programs showed that these programs have positive effects on the academic performance and attitudes of those who receive tutoring. Tutored students outperformed control students on examinations, and they also developed positive attitudes toward the subject matter covered in the tutorial programs. The meta-analysis also showed that tutoring programs have positive effects on children who serve as tutors. Like the children they helped, the tutors gained a better understanding of and developed more positive attitudes toward the subject matter covered in the tutorial program. Participation in tutoring programs had little or no effect, however, on the self-esteem of tutors and tutees.

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1976Primary, Secondary, and Meta-Analysis of Research

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