Articlegreen2002

Bullying and Victimization Among School‐age Children: Stability and Links to Proactive and Reactive Aggression

Marina Camodeca · F.A. Goossens · Mark Meerum Terwogt · Carlo Schuengel

305 citations0/0 files storedSocial Development

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Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Workplace Violence and Bullying

Abstract

Abstract The main aim of the study relates to the links between bullying and victimization on the one hand and reactive and proactive aggression on the other. In addition, we also investigated stability and incidence of bullying and victimization. At age 7, 236 children were rated on bullying and victimization using peer reports. At age 8, 242 children were rated again. Two hundred and fifteen children (114 girls and 101 boys) were present at both time points. Reactive and proactive aggression was assessed by teachers. The results showed that bullies and bully/victims were both reactively and proactively aggressive, while victims were only reactively aggressive. A moderate degree of stability of bullying and victimization was found, with bullying being more stable than victimization. Boys were more often bullies than girls and more stable than girls in victimization. Stable victims and stable bully/victims were more reactively aggressive than their unstable counterparts. The relevance of the outcomes to preventing future maladjustment and suggestions for further research are discussed.

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References

1994A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment.1994Bullying at school: what we know and what we can do 1995Relational Aggression, Gender, and Social-Psychological Adjustment 2013The Development and Treatment of Childhood Aggression 2000Twenty Years' Research on Peer Victimization and Psychosocial Maladjustment: A Meta‐analytic Review of Cross‐sectional Studies 1987Social-information-processing factors in reactive and proactive aggression in children's peer groups.1998Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group 1996Social Information-Processing Mechanisms in Reactive and Proactive Aggression

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2007A Meta-Analysis of the Distinction between Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Children and Adolescents 2010Is low empathy related to bullying after controlling for individual and social background variables?2010Vulnerable Children in Varying Classroom Contexts: Bystanders' Behaviors Moderate the Effects of Risk Factors on Victimization 2007Stability in Bullying and Victimization and its Association with Social Adjustment in Childhood and Adolescence

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