The 150-year history of English language assessment in Japanese education

Miyuki Sasaki

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EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning Multilingual Education and Policy Second Language Learning and Teaching

Abstract

In the present study I describe the 150-year history of school-based English language assessment in Japan. The history is divided into four major periods according to the purposes of English language education set by the government in the different periods: (1) 1860 to 1945, when English was first introduced and taught in schools mainly for elite classes; (2) 1945 to 1970, when English became part of the compulsory education for the first time; (3) 1970 to 1990 when English began to be regarded as the most effective means to communicate with foreign people in the rapidly shrinking world; and (4) 1990 to the present, when several innovative policies have been introduced into classroom measurement systems. I describe how assessment practices for English education at schools in each of these periods were and still are affected by various factors, including political, economic, and demographic changes in society, as well as academic paradigm shifts in the fields of education and applied linguistics.

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References

2001The New Meaning of Educational Change 1991The New Meaning of Educational Change 1971Handbook in research and evaluation 2002Teaching English as an International Language 2004Washback in Language Testing 1946Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign Language 2001Language assessment as social practice: challenges for research 1991The New Meaning of Educational Change. Second Edition.

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