How Teacher Turnover Harms Student Achievement

Matthew Ronfeldt · Susanna Loeb · James Wyckoff

1,324 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Educational Research Journal

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School Choice and Performance Early Childhood Education and Development Teacher Professional Development and Motivation

Abstract

Researchers and policymakers often assume that teacher turnover harms student achievement, though recent studies suggest this may not be the case. Using a unique identification strategy that employs school-by-grade level turnover and two classes of fixed-effects models, this study estimates the effects of teacher turnover on over 850,000 New York City fourth- and fifth-grade student observations over 8 years. The results indicate that students in grade levels with higher turnover score lower in both English language arts (ELA) and math and that these effects are particularly strong in schools with more low-performing and Black students. Moreover, the results suggest that there is a disruptive effect of turnover beyond changing the distribution in teacher quality.

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References

2001Teacher Turnover and Teacher Shortages: An Organizational Analysis 2002Trust in Schools: A Core Resource for Improvement 2009Catholic Schools and the Common Good

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2020Teacher job satisfaction: the importance of school working conditions and teacher characteristics 2016A Coming Crisis in Teaching? Teacher Supply, Demand, and Shortages in the U.S.2017Teacher Turnover: Why It Matters and What We Can Do About It 2015Teacher Turnover in High-Poverty Schools: What We Know and Can Do 2011The Long-Term Impacts of Teachers: Teacher Value-Added and Student Outcomes in Adulthood 2019Special Education Teacher Attrition and Retention: A Review of the Literature 2019The trouble with teacher turnover: How teacher attrition affects students and schools 2018The relationship between beginning teachers’ stress causes, stress responses, teaching behaviour and attrition

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