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MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF TELEVISED POLITICAL ADVERTISING IN THE UNITED STATES
16 references·11 citing·34 second hop
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References

  • 1969The Handbook of Social Psychology12,518 cited
  • 1992The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion7,782 cited
  • 1993The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion.5,169 cited
  • 1960The American Voter. By A. Campbell, P. Converse, W. Miller, and D. Stokes. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1960. Pp. viii, 573. $8.50.)4,722 cited
  • 1996Issue Ownership in Presidential Elections, with a 1980 Case Study2,906 cited
  • 1982Retrospective Voting in American National Elections. By Morris P. Fiorina. (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1981. Pp. xii + 249. $35.00, cloth; $9.95, paper.)2,468 cited
  • 1968The People's Choice: How the Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign2,414 cited
  • 1954Communication and Persuasion: Psychological Studies of Opinion Change.2,039 cited
  • 1945The people's choice: How the voter makes up his mind in a presidential campaign.1,827 cited
  • 1955Voting, a Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign1,590 cited
  • 1955Voting: A Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign1,093 cited
  • 1993Why Are American Presidential Election Campaign Polls So Variable When Votes Are So Predictable?847 cited
  • 1997Going negative : how political advertisements shrink and polarize the electorate825 cited
  • 1993Messages Received: The Political Impact of Media Exposure

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725 cited
  • 1993Who Gets the News? Alternative Measures of News Reception and Their Implications for Research708 cited
  • 1978The Effects of Campaign Spending in Congressional Elections661 cited
  • Cited by

    • 2008Examining the Possible Corrosive Impact of Negative Advertising on Citizens' Attitudes toward Politics83 cited
    • 2012Comedy Types and Political Campaigns: The Differential Influence of Other-Directed Hostile Humor and Self-Ridicule on Candidate Evaluations79 cited
    • 2006US Senate campaigns, negative advertising, and voter mobilization in the 1998 midterm election79 cited
    • 2010Campaign Advertising and Election Outcomes: Quasi-Natural Experiment Evidence from Gubernatorial Elections in Brazil79 cited
    • 2021The Effect of Television Advertising in United States Elections78 cited
    • 2007I’m Asking for Your Support: The Effects of Personally Delivered Campaign Messages on Voting Decisions and Opinion Formation67 cited
    • 2014How Negativity Can Increase and Decrease Voter Turnout: The Effect of Timing62 cited
    • 2016Party Advertising in Newspapers17 cited
    • 2024Understanding Digital Campaign Competence: Conceptualizing Data-Driven Political Advertising Literacy11 cited
    • 2025The role of social media ads for election outcomes: Evidence from the 2021 German election9 cited
    • 2011YouTube and TV Advertising Campaigns9 cited