Articlegold2012

The association between sidewalk length and walking for different purposes in established neighborhoods

Gavin R. McCormack · Alan Shiell · Billie Giles‐Corti · Stephen J. Begg · Lennert J Veerman · Elizabeth A. Geelhoed +2 more

58 citations0/0 files storedInternational Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Physical Activity and Health Urban Green Space and Health

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Walking in neighborhood environments is undertaken for different purposes including for transportation and leisure. We examined whether sidewalk availability was associated with participation in, and minutes of neighborhood-based walking for transportation (NWT) and recreation (NWR) after controlling for neighborhood self-selection. METHOD: Baseline survey data from respondents (n = 1813) who participated in the RESIDential Environment (RESIDE) project (Perth, Western Australia) were used. Respondents were recruited based on their plans to move to another neighborhood in the following year. Usual weekly neighborhood-based walking, residential preferences, walking attitudes, and demographics were measured. Characteristics of the respondent's baseline neighborhood were measured including transportation-related walkability and sidewalk length. A Heckman two-stage modeling approach (multivariate Probit regression for walking participation, followed by a sample selection-bias corrected OLS regression for walking minutes) estimated the relative contribution of sidewalk length to NWT and NWR. RESULTS: After adjustment, neighborhood sidewalk length and walkability were positively associated with a 2.97 and 2.16 percentage point increase in the probability of NWT participation, respectively. For each 10 km increase in sidewalk length, NWT increased by 5.38 min/wk and overall neighborhood-based walking increased by 5.26 min/wk. Neighborhood walkability was not associated with NWT or NWR minutes. Moreover, sidewalk length was not associated with NWR minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Sidewalk availability in established neighborhoods may be differentially associated with walking for different purposes. Our findings suggest that large investments in sidewalk construction alone would yield small increases in walking.

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References

2008Built Environment Correlates of Walking 2003Relationship between Urban Sprawl and Physical Activity, Obesity, and Morbidity 2009Examining the Impacts of Residential Self‐Selection on Travel Behaviour: A Focus on Empirical Findings 2005Perceived and objective environmental measures and physical activity among urban adults 2011In search of causality: a systematic review of the relationship between the built environment and physical activity among adults 2007Examining the impacts of residential self-selection on travel behavior: A focus on methodologies 2002Urban Sprawl and Public Health 2007Stepping towards causation: Do built environments or neighborhood and travel preferences explain physical activity, driving, and obesity?

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