Simultaneous Modeling of Endogenous Influence of Urban Form and Public Transit Accessibility on Distance Traveled

Luis Miranda-Moreno · Laetitia Bettex · Seyed Amir H. Zahabi · Tyler Kreider · Philippe Barla

17 citations0/0 files storedTransportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Transportation Planning and Optimization Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis

Abstract

This paper describes an attempt to understand better the endogenous relationships between urban form, accessibility to public transit, and daily travel distance. A model of two simultaneous equations was implemented. The model took into account the interaction between the ownership of vehicles and the choice of household location as explanatory endogenous variables for total distance traveled by respondents. Choice of household location was defined on the basis of cluster analysis (neighborhood typology) driven by land use mix, population density, and accessibility to transit. With socioeconomic variables controlled for, the impacts of neighborhood typologies combined with car ownership levels as endogenous choices were estimated with the use of a model with simultaneous equations. This research used data from the Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, origin–destination survey conducted in 2001. The data set included responses from more than 50,000 individuals. Among other results, the presence of endogeneity was confirmed. When endogeneity was not taken into account, the joint effects of car ownership and household location choices were underestimated. According to the model with simultaneous equations, the total distance traveled by individuals was primarily influenced by employment status and household structure. In fact, the total distance per individual had an average rate of growth of 50% when the individual was working full-time. The distance also increased by 5.7% per child and decreased by 2.4% per person. Although the elasticities of urban form and transit supply variables introduced individually into the model were small, the elasticities of neighborhood type as endogenous variables were much more relevant.

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References

2001Travel and the Built Environment: A Synthesis 2005Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form 2009Examining the Impacts of Residential Self‐Selection on Travel Behaviour: A Focus on Empirical Findings 2006A comprehensive analysis of built environment characteristics on household residential choice and auto ownership levels 2002The impact of residential neighborhood type on travel behavior: A structural equations modeling approach 2000The Influence of Urban Form on Travel: An Interpretive Review 2005The Effects of Urban Spatial Structure on Travel Demand in the United States 2003Residential Relocation and Changes in Urban Travel: Does Neighborhood-Scale Urban Form Matter?

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2013Urban Transportation Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Their Link with Urban Form, Transit Accessibility, and Emerging Green Technologies 2015Impacts of built environment and emerging green technologies on daily transportation greenhouse gas emissions in Quebec cities: a disaggregate modeling approach 2018Effect of land use and survey design on trip underreporting in Montreal and Toronto’s regional surveys

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