Article2011

Internalizing Problems of Adults With Learning Disabilities

Robert M. Klassen · Virginia M. C. Tze · Wanwisa Hannok

96 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Learning Disabilities

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Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Down syndrome and intellectual disability research

Abstract

In this article the authors report a meta-analysis that examines the association between internalizing problems (anxiety and depressive symptoms) and learning disabilities (LD) in adults. Two hypotheses about the relationship between internalizing problems and LD in adults are posited and tested: the abeyance hypothesis (internalizing problems decline in adulthood) and the continuance hypothesis (internalizing problems continue in adulthood). From an initial pool of 171 relevant studies, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, with eight published articles and seven dissertations yielding 48 effect sizes, N Total = 16,239). The overall effect size was significant and of medium magnitude (d = 0.51, p < .001). Results from the study suggest support for the continuance hypothesis, with rates of adult internalizing problems similar to those found in studies of children and adolescents with LD. Moderating variables are explored, and implications for practice and research are offered.

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References

2003Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses 2012Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2000Practical Meta-Analysis 2019The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis 2007Mental health of young people: a global public-health challenge 2000Internalizing problems of childhood and adolescence: Prospects, pitfalls, and progress in understanding the development of anxiety and depression 2008Low self-esteem prospectively predicts depression in adolescence and young adulthood.2007A review on cognitive impairments in depressive and anxiety disorders with a focus on young adults

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