Article1999

The Possible Relationship Between Visual Deficits and Dyslexia

BERNT CHRISTIAN SKOTTUN · Lesley A. Parke

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Reading and Literacy Development Visual perception and processing mechanisms Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology

Abstract

Numerous studies have found that visual deficits are associated with dyslexia. The prevailing theory regarding this association is that dyslexia is the result of a deficit in the magnocellular system (earlier called the transient system) in the visual pathway. An essential assumption of this theory is that the parvocellular system (formerly called the sustained system) is suppressed by the magnocellular system at the time of saccadic eye movements. This assumption is examined on the basis of published studies of saccadic suppression. The evidence from six studies indicates quite unequivocally that the magnocellular system, not the parvocellular system, is suppressed during saccadic eye movements. It seems, therefore, that an essential premise of the magnocellular deficit theory of dyslexia is incorrect.

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References

1991Physiological and anatomical evidence for a magnocellular defect in developmental dyslexia.1986A theoretical and experimental case for a visual deficit in specific reading disability 1991Vision and visual dyslexia 1996The presence of a magnocellular defect depends on the type of dyslexia 1982Contrast sensitivity functions and specific reading disability 1993Visual evoked potentials in dyslexics and normals: Failure to find a difference in transient or steady-state responses 1995Contrast sensitivity in dyslexia 1995Is There a Deficit of Early Vision in Dyslexia?

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2002Visual-temporal processing in reading-disabled and normal twins 2001Understanding the ‘Lexia’ in dyslexia: A multidisciplinary team approach to learning disabilities 2000On the conflicting support for the magnocellular-deficit theory of dyslexia 2006Attention, reading and dyslexia 2008Dyslexia: a review of two theories 2002

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