Do low survey response rates bias results? Evidence from Japan

Ronald R. Rindfuss · Minja Kim Choe · Noriko O. Tsuya · Larry L. Bumpass

216 citations0/0 files storedDemographic Research

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Survey Methodology and Nonresponse Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques Census and Population Estimation

Abstract

BACKGROUNDIn developed countries, response rates have dropped to such low levels that many in the population field question whether the data can provide unbiased results. OBJECTIVEThe paper uses three Japanese surveys conducted in the 2000s to ask whether low survey response rates bias results.A secondary objective is to bring results reported in the survey response literature to the attention of the demographic research community. METHODSUsing a longitudinal survey as well as paradata from a cross-sectional survey, a variety of statistical techniques (chi square, analysis of variance (ANOVA), logistic regression, ordered probit or ordinary least squares regression (OLS), as appropriate) are used to examine response-rate bias. RESULTSEvidence of response-rate bias is found for the univariate distributions of some demographic characteristics, behaviors, and attitudinal items.But when examining relationships between variables in a multivariate analysis, controlling for a variety of background variables, for most dependent variables we do not find evidence of bias from low response rates.

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1983Limited-dependent and qualitative variables in econometrics 2008Internet, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method 1986The theory and practice of econometrics 2010Internet, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: The tailored design method *1999Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods 2006Nonresponse Rates and Nonresponse Bias in Household Surveys 2008The Impact of Nonresponse Rates on Nonresponse Bias: A Meta-Analysis 2000The Effects of Response Rate Changes on the Index of Consumer Sentiment

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