Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Rewards: A Commentary on Cameron and Pierce's Meta-Analysis

Mark R. Lepper · Mark Keavney

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Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports Education, Achievement, and Giftedness Behavioral and Psychological Studies

Abstract

This article provides a critical analysis of Cameron and Pierce’s (1994) meta-analytic review of the experimental literature on the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. It is suggested that Cameron and Pierce’s overly simplistic conclusion has little theoretical or practical value and is instead the direct consequence of their systematic and consistent misuse of meta-analytic procedures. A more nuanced analysis of the several different processes by which extrinsic rewards may affect motivation is also offered.

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1985Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior 1978Social Learning Theory.1988Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior 1988Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis 2002Social Foundations of Thought and Action 1979The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results.1980Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences.1968Attitudinal effects of mere exposure.

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1996The Debate About Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation: Protests and Accusations Do Not Alter the Results 1999Reconsidering the dimensions of approaches to learning 2001The impact of competition on intrinsic motivation and creativity: considering gender, gender segregation and gender role orientation 1998School Discipline in the United States: Prevention, Correction, and Long-Term Social Development 1999Understanding the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation--Uses and abuses of meta-anlysis: Comment on Deci, Koestner, and Ryan (1999).

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