Extrinsic Reinforcement in the Classroom: Bribery or Best Practice

K. Angeleque Akin‐Little · Tanya L. Eckert · Benjamin J. Lovett · Steven G. Little

104 citations0/0 files storedSchool Psychology Review

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Behavioral and Psychological Studies Educational Games and Gamification Education, Achievement, and Giftedness

Abstract

The debate over the effects of the use of extrinsic reinforcement in classrooms, businesses, and societal settings has been occurring for over 30 years. Some theorists have cautioned against the use of reward, whereas others have found little, if any, detrimental effect. This article examines the debate with an emphasis on data-based findings. The extrinsic/intrinsic dichotomy is explored along with seminal studies in both the cognitive and behavioral literatures. The results from important meta-analytic studies are presented. From this review, it is concluded that little detrimental effect is found with the use of external reinforcement. Readers are given specific recommendations on the appropriate use of reinforcement programs in educational settings.

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References

1985Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior 1978Social Learning Theory.1985Social Foundations of Thought and Action : A Social Cognitive Theory 1988Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior 1953Science and Human Behavior 1999A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation.1960The Process of Education 1959Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.

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