Willingness to Communicate: Rise, Development, and Some Future Directions

Nourollah Zarrinabadi · Nooshin Tanbakooei

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EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning Linguistics and Language Analysis Communication in Education and Healthcare

Abstract

Abstract In the last 20 years, several scholars have referred to willingness to communicate (WTC) as a useful construct in explaining an individual's first (L1) and second language (L2) communication. WTC in L2 is defined as a readiness to initiate discourse with specific person(s) at a particular time, using an L2 (MacIntyre, Dörnyei, Clément, and Noels ). This paper presents a sketch of the current themes and research directions in WTC, which are particularly novel or forward‐looking. The survey is divided into several main sections: the origin and theoretical advancements, orientations in research methodology, and directions for future research. The paper discusses how WTC was originally conceptualized with reference to L1 communication and, later, introduced as welcome appendage to L2 pedagogy. Furthermore, it compares trait‐like and situational views toward L2 WTC and argues for the importance of facilitating WTC in language learners. Finally, the paper outlines some possible venues for further research that can expand advance in L2 WTC research.

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References

1992Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques.2006Constructing grounded theory : a practical guide through qualitative analysis 1993Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques 2006Constructing Grounded Theory. A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis 2013Sociocultural Theory and Second Language Learning 1985Communicative competence : Some roles of comprehensible input and comprehensible output in its development 2021Research Methods in Applied Linguistics 1998Conceptualizing Willingness to Communicate in a L2: A Situational Model of L2 Confidence and Affiliation

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2016Differential effects of explicit and implicit corrective feedback on EFL learners’ willingness to communicate 2023How can L2 motivational self system enhance willingness to communicate? The contribution of foreign language enjoyment and anxiety 2021Sustainable Development of EFL/ESL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate: The Effects of Teachers and Teaching Styles 2023Motivational intensity and willingness to communicate in L2 learning: A moderated mediation model of enjoyment, boredom, and shyness

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