Code-switching: Awareness about Its Utility in Bilingual Classrooms

Malik Ajmal Gulzar

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Multilingual Education and Policy EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning Second Language Learning and Teaching

Abstract

It is not uncommon to hear bilinguals mixing two languages when speaking in different situations. In multilingual classrooms such as Pakistani ones where most of the individuals have the knowledge of two or more languages, the linguistic phenomenon of combining languages is quite common. Teachers do code-switch while teaching English in the classroom and reason for this language alternation may be that English is taught as a main/compulsory subject in Pakistan and is used as a medium of instruction at school and college levels. Despite the significance of the phenomenon, the reasons for teachers’ code-switching (henceforth CS) in bilingual classroom discourse have not been investigated in Pakistan although the research on the same issue has been carried out in the developed countries in the context quite different from the one existing in Pakistani classrooms. The main purpose of the study was to identify the significance of each function of code-switching by asking teachers why they code-switch and what specific pedagogical functions code-switching serves in the classrooms. Quantitative study based on survey data was conducted to ascertain the teachers’ awareness about the functions of codeswitching at the macro level. Moreover, the questionnaire used in this study was designed in accordance with the objectives of the study. This article, although preliminary in nature, attempts to highlight and explain some of the functions of code-switching in the foreign language classroom. In short, this paper has made an attempt to better understand the trends of code-switching in Pakistani EFL classrooms.

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References

1990How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education 1983Language and Social Identity 1984Life with two languages : An introduction to bilingualism. By François Grosjean. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982. Pp. 370. $20.00.1996One Speaker, Two Languages: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives on Code-Switching 1995Code-switching in the classroom: two decades of research

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