Autism Spectrum Disorder and Specific Language Impairment: Overlaps in Syntactic Profiles

Stéphanie Durrleman · Hélène Delage

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Language Development and Disorders Autism Spectrum Disorder Research Child and Animal Learning Development

Abstract

This study investigates syntax in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), its parallelism with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and its relation to other aspects of cognition. We focus on (1) 3rd person accusative clitic (ACC3) production, a clinical marker of SLI hypothesized to relate to WM, and (2) 1st person accusative clitic (ACC1) production, preserved in SLI but hypothesized to be affected in ASD due to Theory-of-Mind (ToM) difficulties. Participants included 21 individuals with ASD (aged 5-16), 22 individuals with SLI (aged 5-16), age-matched and younger TD controls (N = 44). Clinical groups showed similar deficits for ACC3 and general morphosyntax. Closer analysis revealed that a subgroup of children with ASD displayed intact grammar except for ACC1, where children with SLI performed well. Better ToM scores implied better ACC1 scores in ASD. Difficulties with WM emerged for ASD and SLI and correlated only with performance on ACC3. Non-verbal reasoning was unrelated to syntactic measures.

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2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2000Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.1985Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind” ?2001Meta-Analysis of Theory-of-Mind Development: The Truth about False Belief 2007Working Memory, Thought, and Action 2004The Structure of Working Memory From 4 to 15 Years of Age.1990Phonological memory deficits in language disordered children: Is there a causal connection?

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2021Developmental Language Disorder and Autism: Commonalities and Differences on Language 2019Syntactic abilities and verbal memory in monolingual and bilingual children with High Functioning Autism (HFA)2018ASD Is Not DLI: Individuals With Autism and Individuals With Syntactic DLI Show Similar Performance Level in Syntactic Tasks, but Different Error Patterns 2019Relationship between working memory and complex syntax in children with Developmental Language Disorder 2017The comprehension of passives in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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