The insecurity industry: Supplementary education in Japan

Julian Dierkes

33 citations0/0 files storedInternational perspectives on education and society

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Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities Parental Involvement in Education Diverse Education Studies and Reforms

Abstract

To understand high demand for juku and yobiko, this chapter reviews the history, institutionalization, areas of innovation, and future of supplementary education in Japan.,Fieldwork in owner-operated supplementary education institutions.,The Japanese government has long publicly disavowed the existence of a large-scale supplementary education industry (juku and yobiko). Over the past 20 years or so, waves of moral panics regarding education (bullying, breakdown of classroom discipline, decline of academic abilities, school refusal, etc.) have led to a profound sense of insecurity among parents. While supplementary education has its roots in demographic and economic developments of the 1970s, its recent growth and further institutionalization into a mature business sector has been built on parents’ insecurity. This institutionalization marks Japanese supplementary education as a high-intensity system.,Juku is particularly interesting in comparative perspective since Japan contains a highly institutionalized form of “hyper-education.”

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References

1992Shadow Education and Allocation in Formal Schooling: Transition to University in Japan 2010Private tutoring and mass schooling in East Asia: reflections of inequality in Japan, South Korea, and Cambodia 2008The politics of international league tables: PISA in Japan’s achievement crisis debate 2009Confronting the Shadow Education System: What government policies for what private tutoring?2010The origin of universal shadow education: what the supplemental education phenomenon tells us about the postmodern institution of education 2011The Challenge of Shadow Education: Private Tutoring and its Implications for Policy Makers in the European Union 2004The Transformation of Private Tutoring: Education in a Franchise Form 2005Japanese Education and the Cram School Business: Functions, Challenges, and Perspectives of the Juku

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