Sexual orientation trends and disparities in school bullying and violence-related experiences, 1999–2013.

Carol S. Goodenow · Ryan J. Watson · Jones Adjei · Yuko Homma · Elizabeth Saewyc

75 citations0/0 files storedPsychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy Gender, Sexuality, and Education

Abstract

Numerous recent studies have demonstrated that schools are often unsafe for lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents, who are more likely than heterosexual peers to be bullied, harassed, or victimized in school contexts. Virtually all of these studies call for change, yet none investigate whether or not it has occurred. Using repeated waves of a population-based high school survey, we examine (1) the extent to which sexual orientation differences in school bullying and violence-related experiences are reported by lesbian/gay, bisexual, and heterosexual male and female adolescents; (2) trends in school bullying and violence-related experiences for each gender/orientation group, and (3) whether disparities have changed over time. Data were drawn from eight Massachusetts biennial Youth Risk Behavior Surveys from 1999 to 2013, grouped into 4 waves totaling 24,845 self-identified heterosexual, 270 lesbian/gay, and 857 bisexual youth. Disparities between LGB and heterosexual peers were found in all indicators. Heterosexual youth and gay males saw significant reductions in every outcome between the first and last waves. Among bisexual males, skipping school due to feeling unsafe, carrying weapons in school, and being bullied all decreased, but among lesbians and bisexual females only fighting in school declined significantly. Improvement trends in school safety were more consistent for heterosexual youth and gay males than for bisexual or lesbian females. Notably, despite these improvements, almost no reduction was seen in sexual orientation disparities. Future research should identify influences leading to reduced school victimization, especially focusing on ways of eliminating persistent sexual orientation disparities. Future research should identify influences leading to reduced school victimization, especially focusing on ways of eliminating persistent sexual orientation disparities.

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References

2001Bullying Behaviors Among US Youth 2011Cyberbullying, School Bullying, and Psychological Distress: A Regional Census of High School Students 2014Relationship between peer victimization, cyberbullying, and suicide in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis.2002Effects of at-school victimization and sexual orientation on lesbian, gay, or bisexual youths’ health risk behavior 1998The Association Between Health Risk Behaviors and Sexual Orientation Among a School-based Sample of Adolescents 2011A Meta-Analysis of Disparities in Childhood Sexual Abuse, Parental Physical Abuse, and Peer Victimization Among Sexual Minority and Sexual Nonminority Individuals 2015Four decades of research on school bullying: An introduction.2002Incidence and mental health impact of sexual orientation victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths in high school.

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