The moderating effect of religiosity on ethical behavioural intentions

Muhammad Kashif · Anna K. Zarkada · Thurasamy Ramayah

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Ethics in Business and Education Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior Workplace Spirituality and Leadership

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate Pakistani bank front-line employees’ intentions to behave ethically by using the extended theory of planned behaviour (ETPB) into which religiosity (i.e. religious activity, devotion to rituals and belief in doctrine) is integrated as a moderating variable. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected 234 self-administered questionnaires and analysed them using SmartPLS 2.0, a second generation structural equation modelling technique. Findings This paper demonstrates that the ETPB can explain intentions to behave ethically. Moral norms (i.e. the rules of morality that people believe they ought to follow) and perceived behavioural control (i.e. people’s perceptions of their ability to perform a given behaviour) are the best predictors of ethical behavioural intentions. The effects of injunctive norms (i.e. perceptions of which behaviours are typically approved or disapproved in an organisation) and of perceived behavioural control on behavioural intent are moderated by religiosity. Practical implications Leading by example, providing ethics training, empowering employees and encouraging the expression of religiosity are proposed as ways to foster an ethical culture in the workplace. Originality/value Even though numerous empirical studies have utilised variants of the theory of planned behaviour to explain consumer behaviour, its applicability to ethical behaviour in the workplace has scarcely been explored. Moreover, its tests in non-western contexts are scant. This study demonstrates the applicability of the ETPB in a broader circumstantial and cultural context and enriches it with religiosity, a pertinent characteristic of billions of people around the world. Finally, this is one of the very few ethics studies focusing on banking, an industry fraught with allegations of moral breaches.

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References

1981Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error 1991The theory of planned behavior 1988Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach.1980Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior 1985From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior 2003Evolving to a New Dominant Logic for Marketing 1980A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions 2014A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)

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