Instructional Design and Assessment

Abstract

This chapter presents four broad principles deemed essential for planning and delivering effective listening instruction. These principles — active construction of knowledge, multiple levels of cognition, co-creation, and participation rights — constitute a mindset that considers the listener to be an active initiator in discourse, selecting and enacting strategies to create meaning. Instruction then becomes a coaching process of leading learners toward developing an active orientation and using listening strategies and behaviors effectively. Based on these principles, four specific teaching approaches are delineated: comprehension building, academic conversations, integrating listening with other learning modalities, and deliberate practice. For each approach, I provide an outline of the steps a teacher can follow along with the specific standards that are used to determine its successful implementation. The chapter concludes with a framework for assessment that is consistent with these instructional principles and approaches.

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