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The assumption that people are motivated to achieve and maintain positive selfviews is so commonplace in psychological theory that it is rarely challenged. \nWill iam James (1890), in his seminal writings about the self, saw this motive as \na fundamenta l aspect of human nature. It has since then figured prominently in \nthe theories and models of many reputable psycho logists working from a \nnumber of diverse perspectives (e.g., Allport. 1955; Epstein. 1973; Greenwald, \n1980; Maslow, 1943; Rogers, 1951 ; Solomon, Greenberg, & Pyszcynski, 1991; \nSteele, 1988; Tesser, \\988). Elsewhere in this volume, Wolfe and Crocker note \nthat self-enhancement and self-protection are two of the motives most \ncommonly ascribed to the self in social psychology. It is these motives that we \nare primarily concerned with in this chapter. In particu lar, we are concerned \nwith the many mechanisms that have been identified as satisfying the motives \nfor self-protection and self-enhancement-which collectively have been dubbed \nthe "self-zoo" by Tesser and his colleagues (Tesser, Martin, & Cornell, 1996; \nTesser, 2000}-and their relations to self-esteem.
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