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Administrative Records Mask Racially Biased Policing

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References

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1971The Economics of Discrimination1,794 cited
1950Southern Politics in State and Nation, by V. O. Key, Jr., Alexander Heard1,737 cited
2004Seeing Black: Race, Crime, and Visual Processing.1,208 cited
1968Varieties of Police Behavior1,076 cited
2019Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race–ethnicity, and sex916 cited

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2007An Analysis of the New York City Police Department's “Stop-and-Frisk” Policy in the Context of Claims of Racial Bias873 cited

Cited by

2020The Effects of Police Violence on Inner-City Students*226 cited
2020Mapping fatal police violence across U.S. metropolitan areas: Overall rates and racial/ethnic inequities, 2013-2017149 cited
2022The American racial divide in fear of the police147 cited
2019Inaccurate Statistical Discrimination: An Identification Problem147 cited
2022Does Race Matter for Police Use of Force? Evidence from 911 Calls129 cited
2021Effective for Whom? Ethnic Identity and Nonviolent Resistance114 cited
2020What the data say about police brutality and racial bias — and which reforms might work110 cited
2020Is Representation Enough? Racial Disparities in Levels of Force and Arrests by Police110 cited
2021Officer bias, over-patrolling and ethnic disparities in stop and search89 cited
2021The Slow Violence of Contemporary Policing88 cited
2020Does Race Matter for Police Use of Force? Evidence from 911 Calls77 cited
2020Police Use of Force Interactions: Is Race Relevant or Gender Germane?71 cited
2020Racial Disparities in Police Use of Deadly Force Against Unarmed Individuals Persist After Appropriately Benchmarking Shooting Data on Violent Crime Rates61 cited
2023Against Predictive Optimization: On the Legitimacy of Decision-making Algorithms That Optimize Predictive Accuracy58 cited
2021Factors associated with police shooting mortality: A focus on race and a plea for more comprehensive data57 cited
2020Linking political and bureaucratic representation: Does minority representation on city councils affect the outcomes of street‐level service?34 cited