Articlegreen2021

Replication and cross-validation of the personality assessment inventory (PAI) cognitive bias scale (CBS) in a mixed clinical sample

Kaley S. J. Boress · Owen J. Gaasedelen · Anna E. Croghan · Marcie King Johnson · Kristen J. Caraher · Michael R. Basso +1 more

16 citations0/0 files storedThe Clinical Neuropsychologist

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Psychological Testing and Assessment Deception detection and forensic psychology Historical and Modern Theater Studies

Abstract

Objective: This study is a cross-validation of the Cognitive Bias Scale (CBS) from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), a ten-item scale designed to assess symptom endorsement associated with performance validity test failure in neuropsychological samples. The study utilized a mixed neuropsychological sample of consecutively referred patients at a large academic medical center in the Midwest. Participants and Methods:Participants were 332 patients who completed embedded and free-standing performance validity tests (PVTs) and the PAI. Pass and fail groups were created based on PVT performance to evaluate classification accuracy of the CBS. Results: The results were generally consistent with the initial study for overall classification accuracy, sensitivity, and cut-off score. Consistent with the validation study, CBS had better classification accuracy than the original PAI validity scales and a comparable effect size to that obtained in the original validation publication; however, the Somatic Complaints scale (SOM) and the Conversion subscale (SOM-C) also demonstrated good classification accuracy. The CBS had incremental predictive ability compared to existing PAI scales. Conclusions: The results supported the CBS, but further research is needed on specific populations. Findings from this present study also suggest the relationship between conversion tendencies and PVT failure may be stronger in some geographic locations or population types (forensic versus clinical patients).

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References

2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2021The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law.1997Graded Response Model 1999Diagnostic Criteria for Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction: Proposed Standards for Clinical Practice and Research 2009American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology Consensus Conference Statement on the Neuropsychological Assessment of Effort, Response Bias, and Malingering 2000California verbal learning test-second edition 1994Validation of malingered amnesia measures with a large clinical sample.1997The Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM): Normative data from cognitively intact and cognitively impaired individuals.

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