Non-Linear Effects of the Built Environment and Social Environment on Bus Use among Older Adults in China: An Application of the XGBoost Model

Lanjing Wang · Chunli Zhao · Xumei Chen · Chaoyang Li · Tao Wang · Jiani Wu +1 more

51 citations0/0 files storedInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Transportation Planning and Optimization Urban Green Space and Health

Abstract

Global aging has raised increasing concerns on the health and well-being of older adults. Public transport is a viable option to improve the mobility and quality of life among older adults. However, policies that promote the public transport use among older adults are rare. This study utilizes the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) decision tree to explore the non-linear associations of the built and social environment with bus use among older adults in China. The bus use of older adults was obtained from the Zhongshan Household Travel Survey (ZHTS) in 2012. Results show that non-linear relationships exist among all built environment and social environment characteristics. Within certain thresholds, the percentage of green space land use, land use mixture, bus-stop density, and dwelling unit density are positively related to bus use among older adults. Likewise, one social environment variable, the proportion of older adults in a neighborhood, is the key social environment variable. Furthermore, the dwelling unit density and proportion of older adults appear to have an inverse U-shaped relationship. Additionally, age, ownership of motorcycles, and distance from home to the nearest bus stop also show non-linearity. The findings presented in this paper facilitate effective planning interventions to promote bus use among older adults.

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2010Travel and the Built Environment 2007Social context, personal norms and the use of public transportation: Two field studies 2017Built environmental correlates of older adults’ total physical activity and walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis 2013Travel and Subjective Well-Being: A Focus on Findings, Methods and Future Research Needs 1997Travel Behavior as Function of Accessibility, Land Use Mixing, and Land Use Balance: Evidence from San Francisco Bay Area 2018Applying gradient boosting decision trees to examine non-linear effects of the built environment on driving distance in Oslo 2020Examining non-linear built environment effects on elderly’s walking: A random forest approach 2019How does the station-area built environment influence Metrorail ridership? Using gradient boosting decision trees to identify non-linear thresholds

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