Lessons about the Design of State Accountability Systems.

Eric Alan Hanushek · Margaret E. Raymond

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Educational Assessment and Improvement School Choice and Performance Teacher Education and Assessments

Abstract

Test based accountability systems are now a central feature of U.S. education policy. Accountability systems are implemented as a way of improving student outcomes through new, highly visible incentives. In analyzing the effectiveness of such state systems, the correct comparison is not accountability versus no accountability but the differential effects related to the type of system that is employed. The alternative systems that have developed have very different incentives. While research on the outcomes of accountability systems is growing rapidly, it still represents a young and highly selective body of work. The existing research suggests that schools definitely respond to the incentives of accountability systems, but the form and strength of such responses is highly variable. This paper characterizes the incentives of different systems and reviews the existing evidence about outcomes.

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1999Do Better Schools Matter? Parental Valuation of Elementary Education 20029. Does External Accountability Affect Student Outcomes? A Cross-State Analysis 2000The Myth of the Texas Miracle in Education 2003Disruption versus Tiebout improvement: the costs and benefits of switching schools 1994The tennessee value-added assessment system (TVAAS): Mixed-model methodology in educational assessment 2006Accountability, Ability and Disability: Gaming the System?2001Improving student achievement: what state NAEP test scores tell us 2006Tinkering Toward Accolades: School Gaming under a Performance Accountability System

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2011Making Schools Work 2004Does School Accountability Lead to Improved Student Performance?2013Educational policies in a long-run perspective 2003The Perverse Incentives of the No Child Left Behind Act 2008School Choice, Stratification, and Information on School Performance: Lessons from Chile 2005

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