INTEGRATING PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE FACTORS INTO REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING MODELS: SUMMARY OF THE STATE-OF-THE-ART AND SUGGESTED STEPS FORWARD

Abstract

In the past several years, there has been growing public support for improvements to the quality of the pedestrian and bicycle environment, expressed in sharply higher investment in projects encouraging of such travel. Many local, regional, and state authorities are beginning to pay attention to how non-motorized transportation can help address community problems with traffic congestion, air quality, health, safety, and the vitality of neighborhood commercial areas. Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) and the transportation conformity provisions of the Clean Air Act also have provided support for these local initiatives by providing funding flexibility and encouraging investments and policies that reduce the need for motor vehicle travel. The regional transportation and air quality planning requirements established under these laws promote greater consideration and encouragement of non-motorized travel options as part of Major Investment Studies, as well as in regional and state transportation plans and programs. In areas with serious air quality problems, the emission impacts of transportation plans and programs must be evaluated to assure contributions towards healthier air. However, evaluating the effects of bicycle/pedestrian infrastructure and programs on travel behavior and emissions is in general a poorly developed science. Traditional travel demand and supply

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