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This chapter examines the changes in Japan’s employment system after 1997 and illustrates how the sensitivity of employment to macroeconomic fluctuations steadily increase in the wake of economic stagnation. Using the latest Employment Status Survey, it analyzes the potential impact of the 1998 revision of the Labor Standards Law that allowed multi-year employment contracts, hence providing an alternative to lifetime employment. This change in the law had an impact on labor retention rates, particularly for female workers and workers in small and medium enterprises. The chapter also discusses other changes in the employment system, employee stock-ownership plans, downsizing, and unemployment in relation to economic growth.
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