Key predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia: An integrated framework

Jason Wei Jian Ng · Santha Vaithilingam · Mahendhiran Sanggaran Nair · Li-Ann Hwang · Kamarul Imran Musa

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Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research COVID-19 and Mental Health

Abstract

BACKGROUND: As the vaccination drive against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Malaysia progresses rapidly, the main challenge will gradually shift from procuring and distributing vaccines to ensuring the broadest possible acceptance among all population segments. Therefore, this study used the integrated framework of the health belief model (HBM) and the theory of reasoned action (TRA) to investigate the predictors of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines in Malaysia. METHODOLOGY: A market research company in Malaysia was engaged to collect data during June 11-20, 2021 using self-administered questionnaires via its online panel, ensuring a nationwide random sample of 804 respondents. A logistic regression was subsequently estimated to determine the significant predictors of vaccination intention. RESULTS: The predictors that significantly affect COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia are age, susceptibility, religious beliefs, attitude, subjective norms, and trust in the vaccine. In particular, those who are more inclined to get vaccinated are older individuals, have a higher perceived risk of infection and social pressure to get vaccinated, have a positive attitude, and have high levels of trust in the vaccine. Individuals' who perceive that their religious beliefs are against vaccination are more likely to exhibit uncertainty toward it. CONCLUSION: This study showed that although a large proportion of respondents indicated that they were willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19, there are concerns about religious barriers and trust in the vaccine that the relevant stakeholders should address. Campaigns should also focus on shaping the nation's attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines, in parallel with encouraging people to use their social influence in helping those in their close circle who are unsure of vaccination to cross the line. These measures will prove to be pertinent as the nation begins to administer booster vaccines to tackle the waning effects of COVID-19 vaccines.

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References

2003User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward A Unified View1 1980Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior 1986Determination and Quantification Of Content Validity 2014Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: A systematic review of published literature, 2007–2012 1968Readings in Attitude Theory and Measurement 2020The use of the health belief model to assess predictors of intent to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to pay 2020COVID-19 vaccination intention in the UK: results from the COVID-19 vaccination acceptability study (CoVAccS), a nationally representative cross-sectional survey 2020The Health Belief Model

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