New Developments in Goal Systems Theory

Abstract

Abstract This chapter reviews several developments in goal systems theory (GST) that have taken place since its “debut” in 2002. These include empirical work on the configurational constructs of equifinality and multifinality as well as on the new concept of counterfinality. The discussion also addresses the means–ends fusion model of intrinsic motivation based on the structural properties of GST and a model of extremism that draws on both the structural and allocational properties of GST and identifies a common psychological dynamic in widely different “extremisms” including terrorism, extreme sports, extreme diets, extreme love, and exceptional humanism. Lastly, the concept of goal systems is tied to that of basic human needs. Whereas the basic needs form part of a largely invariable human nature, goal systems designed to serve those needs are socially constructed and, hence, vary in accordance with context and culture. Understanding this conjunction provides new insights into a wide range of behaviors, including the aggressive response to frustration and romantic love.

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