The Potential Role of Railway Stations and Public Transport Nodes in the Development of “15-Minute Cities”

Michał Wolański

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Transportation Planning and Optimization transportation and logistics systems

Abstract

In 2016, Carlos Moreno proposed the concept of “15-minute cities” based on the principles of proximity, diversity, density, and ubiquity. In fact, he re-formulated (“re-invented”) some of the already existing planning principles, making them recognized and desired by non-professionals. Moreno, however, paid little attention to the external connectivity of neighborhoods, assuming that most needs would be satisfied locally. This paper aims to discuss the concept of “15-minute cities” from the transport planning point of view and investigate how the concept can contribute to such planning. The research review conducted in this paper suggests that similar actions in the past caused a modal shift from the use of cars to public transport, rather than a radical limitation of total transport needs. To simplify, if a neighborhood is well designed, people are more likely to walk, ride a bike, and use public transport, but the majority will still commute outside of the neighborhood for work. In the metropolis of the ideal “15-minute city”, Barcelona, the majority of the inhabitants travel to work either by car or public transport, which proves that they need to move outside the neighborhood. This leads us to the conclusions that (1) “15-minute cities” should incorporate the transit-oriented development concept and include public transport nodes, such as railways or underground stations, as the central point of walkable, multifunctional neighborhoods, and (2) railway/underground station planners should pay more attention to the creation of a proper mix of services at and around the stations according to “15-minute cities” principles. In the future, there should also be more emphasis on re-allocating workplaces to neighborhoods, as well as on researching the actual impact of the (improved and current) “15-minute cities” design on transport volumes.

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References

2010Travel and the Built Environment 1997Travel demand and the 3Ds: Density, diversity, and design 2021Introducing the “15-Minute City”: Sustainability, Resilience and Place Identity in Future Post-Pandemic Cities 202115-Minute City: Decomposing the New Urban Planning Eutopia 2019Transit-oriented development: A review of research achievements and challenges 2019The 15-minute walkable neighborhoods: Measurement, social inequalities and implications for building healthy communities in urban China 2022The 15-minute city: Urban planning and design efforts toward creating sustainable neighborhoods 2004TTB or not TTB, that is the question: a review and analysis of the empirical literature on travel time (and money) budgets

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2025Exploring the 15-Minutes City Concept: Global Challenges and Opportunities in Diverse Urban Contexts 2025Exploring the 15-Minute City concept for the urban outskirts: a systematic literature review 2023Evaluation Methodology of the Railway Stations Using the AHP Method in the Transport Hubs from the Freight Transport Point of View 2024The proposal of a 15-minute city composite index through integrating GPS trajectory data-inferred urban function attraction based on the Bayesian framework

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