Motivation

Abstract

This chapter addresses motivation by sharing the ideas of leading motivation researchers. These include Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Herzberg’s two-factor motivation–hygiene theory, Alderfer’s ERG, and a more recent theory of needs proposed by Richard Ryan and Edward Deci: the self-determination theory of motivation. Other theories presented include Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory, McClelland’s achievement theory, Merton’s term self-fulfilling prophecy, and Locke and Latham’s and Porter and Lawler’s goal-setting theory. Also included are elements of motivation, processes of motivation, types of motivation, and the neuroscience of motivation. Appendix 3A is a glossary.

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