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Using and Interpreting Fixed Effects Models
16 references·16 citing·37 second hopsampled
Using and Interpreting Fixed Effects Models (2023)Using and Interpreting Fixed Effects Mode…Disclosure processing costs, investors’ information choice, and equity market outcomes: A review (2020)Disclosure processing costs, …The Effect of Minimum Wages on Low-Wage Jobs* (2019)The Effect of Minimum Wages o…The Economics of Disclosure and Financial Reporting Regulation: Evidence and Suggestions for Future Research (2016)The Economics of Disclosure a…Common Errors: How to (and Not to) Control for Unobserved Heterogeneity (2012)Common Errors: How to (and No…Panel Data Models With Interactive Fixed Effects (2009)Panel Data Models With Intera…Mandatory IFRS Reporting around the World: Early Evidence on the Economic Consequences (2008)Mandatory IFRS Reporting arou…Estimating Standard Errors in Finance Panel Data Sets: Comparing Approaches (2008)Estimating Standard Errors in…Managing with Style: The Effect of Managers on Firm Policies (2003)Managing with Style: The Effe…The incidental parameter problem since 1948 (2000)The incidental parameter prob…Debt covenant violation and manipulation of accruals (1994)Debt covenant violation and m…Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations (1991)Some Tests of Specification f…Earnings Management During Import Relief Investigations (1991)Earnings Management During Im…On the Usefulness of Earnings and Earnings Research: Lessons and Directions from Two Decades of Empirical Research (1989)On the Usefulness of Earnings…Biases in Dynamic Models with Fixed Effects (1981)Biases in Dynamic Models with…On the Pooling of Time Series and Cross Section Data (1978)On the Pooling of Time Series…Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests (1973)Risk, Return, and Equilibrium…The impact of generative AI on information processing: Evidence from the ban of ChatGPT in Italy (2025)The impact of generative AI o…How and when does digital transformation promote technological innovation performance? A study of Chinese high-tech firms (2025)How and when does digital tra…The effect and mechanism of digital economy on green total factor productivity — Empirical evidence from China (2024)The effect and mechanism of d…Green innovation and firms’ financial and environmental performance: The roles of pollution prevention versus control (2024)Green innovation and firms’ f…Do Commercial Ties Influence ESG Ratings? Evidence from Moody's and S&P (2024)Do Commercial Ties Influence …Can the digital economy enhance carbon emission efficiency? Evidence from 269 cities in China (2024)Can the digital economy enhan…Issuer Motivations for Corporate Green Bond Offerings (2023)Issuer Motivations for Corpor…Institutional investors, climate disclosure, and carbon emissions (2023)Institutional investors, clim…Financial Reporting and Employee Job Search (2023)Financial Reporting and Emplo…Bloated Disclosures: Can ChatGPT Help Investors Process Information? (2023)Bloated Disclosures: Can Chat…Understanding Investor Interaction with Firm Information: A Discussion of Lee and Zhong (2022) (2022)Understanding Investor Intera…The effect of income-shifting aggressiveness on corporate investment (2022)The effect of income-shifting…How does private firm disclosure affect demand for public firm equity? Evidence from the global equity market (2022)How does private firm disclos…Air pollution, water pollution, and robots: Is technology the panacea (2022)Air pollution, water pollutio…Non-financial corporations and systemic risk (2021)Non-financial corporations an…The Irrelevance of ESG Disclosure to Retail Investors (2020)The Irrelevance of ESG Disclo…Do Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivities Provide Useful Measures of Financing Constraints? (1997)The theory and practice of corporate finance: evidence from the field (2001)CEO Overconfidence and Corporate Investment (2005)Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance☆ (2009)What Determines Productivity? (2011)American Economic Review (2019)Corporate Forecasts of Earnings Per Share and Stock Price Behavior: Empirical Test (1976)Earnings Management through Real Activities Manipulation (2003)Performance matched discretionary accrual measures (2005)The economic implications of corporate financial reporting (2005)Specification Tests in Econometrics (1978)Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models (1995)Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models (1998)Positive Accounting Theory (1985)The effect of bonus schemes on accounting decisions (1985)A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and Its Implications for Standard Setting (1999)Law and Finance (1998)Earnings management and investor protection: an international comparison (2003)Nonfinancial Disclosure and Analyst Forecast Accuracy: International Evidence on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (2012)CAPITAL ASSET PRICES: A THEORY OF MARKET EQUILIBRIUM UNDER CONDITIONS OF RISK* (1964)The Behavior of Stock-Market Prices (1965)THE VALUATION OF RISK ASSETS AND THE SELECTION OF RISKY INVESTMENTS IN STOCK PORTFOLIOS AND CAPITAL BUDGETS**This paper is another in a series of interrelated theoretical and statistical studies of corporate financial and investment policies being made under grants from the Rockefeller Foundation, and more recently the Ford Foundation, to the Harvard Business School. The generous support for this work is most gratefully acknowledged. The author is also much indebted to his colleagues Professors Bishop, Christenson, Kahr, Raiffa, and (especially) Schlaifer, for extensive discussion and commentary on an earlier draft of this paper; but responsibility for any errors or imperfections remains strictly his own.[Professor Sharpe's paper, “Capital Asset Prices: A Theory of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions of Risk” (Journal of Finance, September 1964) appeared after this paper was in final form and on its way to the printers. My first section, which parallels the first half of his paper (with corresponding conclusions), sets the algebraic framework for sections II, III and VI, (which have no counterpart in his paper) and for section IV on the equilibrium prices of risk assets, concerning which our results differ significantly for reasons which will be explored elsewhere. Sharpe does not take up the capital budgeting problem developed in section V below.] (1975)The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns (1992)Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds (1993)On Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance (1997)Changes in Relative Wages, 1963-1987: Supply and Demand Factors (1992)Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973-1992: A Semiparametric Approach (1996)Generative AI at Work (2023)Generative AI at Work (2024)The Effects of Mandatory ESG Disclosure Around the World (2024)Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data (2001)Robust Standard Errors for Panel Regressions with Cross-Sectional Dependence (2007)Robust Inference With Multiway Clustering (2011)Policy Uncertainty and Corporate Investment (2015)The Rise and Fall of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (2004)Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models (1995)How to do Xtabond2: An Introduction to Difference and System GMM in Stata (2009)
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References

  • 1991Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations33,089 cited
  • 1973Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests14,248 cited
  • 2008Estimating Standard Errors in Finance Panel Data Sets: Comparing Approaches10,793 cited
  • 1981Biases in Dynamic Models with Fixed Effects8,724 cited
  • 1991Earnings Management During Import Relief Investigations8,369 cited
  • 1978On the Pooling of Time Series and Cross Section Data5,402 cited
  • 2003Managing with Style: The Effect of Managers on Firm Policies3,921 cited
  • 1994Debt covenant violation and manipulation of accruals2,773 cited
  • 2019The Effect of Minimum Wages on Low-Wage Jobs*2,678 cited
  • 2008Mandatory IFRS Reporting around the World: Early Evidence on the Economic Consequences2,174 cited
  • 2016The Economics of Disclosure and Financial Reporting Regulation: Evidence and Suggestions for Future Research1,754 cited
  • 2009Panel Data Models With Interactive Fixed Effects1,685 cited
  • 2012Common Errors: How to (and Not to) Control for Unobserved Heterogeneity1,156 cited
  • 2000The incidental parameter problem since 19481,128 cited
  • 1989On the Usefulness of Earnings and Earnings Research: Lessons and Directions from Two Decades of Empirical Research

Only edges whose both ends are imported exist here. Widen the year window, or show the whole map. Back to the work

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  • 2020Disclosure processing costs, investors’ information choice, and equity market outcomes: A review1,089 cited
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    • 2022Understanding Investor Interaction with Firm Information: A Discussion of Lee and Zhong (2022)46 cited
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